This has significant effects on media. n�JQL�>JxMn�U��b� �.k`��(\��h��Y�̃�Q�7ޜ϶�h��y�`T���c=U-Ăb�b��SSOKl�\��nЏ�ѳω;�W�\��)��]r�'3�Ǘ��A!���z��f�{:�k� �dK�����j��畺�Z���k�'``�� This article was originally published in the Summer 2018 issue of The Record. Based on the findings the contribution concludes by discussing three questions for mediatization studies: (1) What are the reasons for its success? Citizen-driven journalism is e, digital media, and even at the mainstream media, where we, increasingly see user-generated content (which may include. the Middle East: A Survey of Research on the Arab Spring, Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, evidence in the age of artificial intelligence and in the wake of deepfake. 0000010371 00000 n 3, pp. 5, pp. Document analysis is selected, and it was verified, that sufficient material and access to it was av, challenging, considering that the phenomenon of deepfakes is, very new (approx. As an, example, political messages in times of conflict among nations, can spread uncontrollably and lead to irrational and emotional, Fandom may be another aspect that is affected. 2, pp. Since deepfakes intersect with several areas, of modern life, it is also important to investigate the ethical, side of it, as well as the areas related to safety and security. to training and educational aspects of affected stakeholders, Understanding the intersection of digital media and AI, in, the case of deepfakes, and the effect on modern society is, imperative if this technology is to be properly put in context, and the challenges it raises are effectively addressed. 571–587, Jul. Objective It must be pointed out though, that although inspired by, intersectionality, it is more freely follo, implemented, and this assists towards the aim of providing a, multi-angled view and analysis of an everyday phenomenon, from different perspectives. More empirical research is, needed, that is also bound to the appropriate theoretical. very fine and sometimes very personal details. 0000000816 00000 n technological approaches or new ones that may be developed, the Global North may be more familiar with the cutting, edge technologies and have more independent media, many, developing countries in the Global South, due to the digital, divide or the lack of independent media plurality, The inquisitive nature of the user who is skeptical of the, communication s/he receives is seen as potentially beneficial, in the effort of fighting deepfakes. The purpose of t he study is artificial intelligence through social media and social development. technologies, its use is not determined only by its capabilities, but also the regulatory framework, ethics, culture, and other, one can consider several aspects that have been indicated, in-depth. direction, and is also associated with less human involvement. We find that people are more likely to feel uncertain than to be misled by deepfakes, but this resulting uncertainty, in turn, reduces trust in news on social media. trailer <<6C97E7D1652E43CC9FD607E2440DA808>]/Prev 505026>> startxref 0 %%EOF 154 0 obj <>stream The study provides a comprehensive review of deepfakes and provides cybersecurity and AI entrepreneurs with business opportunities in fighting against media forgeries and fake news. The role of media is crucial to the gover, nance and democratization since aspects such as community, and social media (where deepfakes might be utilized) affect, Social media platforms are where deepfakes are predominantly, distributed, and as such, they become an integral part of their, complex dynamics. Digital media dominance characterizes our era, where digi-, tal information can easily be created, communicated, and read, globally. In addition, even the core deep-, fake technology can be seen as having beneficial effects in sim-, ulation and training of personnel in customized/personalized, realistic scenarios that would have been otherwise too costly, or impossible to realize. often articles have circulated that paint a dystopian future, where AI is controlling everything and enforcing or enabling, questionable practices and ethics in humans. a video but also to generate new content. Fiction can be seen, as a form of interrogation that can deliver different aspects than, the traditional journalism or academic writing [. While deepfakes in this early stage are, targeted directly towards humans, in the future, this might not, be the case. While buyer personas are an open window to the … Page 6 2. and which in combination with its distribution to social media, can put existing fake news actions on steroids. Overall, gender should be approached as a social construct, and gendered aspects, in conjunction with deepfakes, should, be looked upon in the wider area of feminist theory and gender, dealing with digital media and their processes. Psychological Perspective of Media Use and Effects. Powered by the latest technological advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, deepfakes offer automated procedures to create fake content that is harder and harder for human observers to detect.The possibilities to deceive are endless, including manipulated pictures, videos, and audio, and organizations must be prepared as this will undoubtedly have a large societal impact. Media and Artificial Intelligence Matthew Gentzkow On March 17, 2014, a magnitude 4.4 earthquake shook southern California. Oppressing or manipulative governments, and organizations can utilize practices such as astroturfing, misinformation, may also be used as a Trojan horse to bypass, user privacy and undermine freedom of speech [, The threats posed by deepfakes need to be addressed via, informed and intellectual citizenry is required [, to push for reform-based political and social changes. �w���ǀT=�W �F�w2��}�������~���w)Yb�5�>��7���E�Ř�7.2�V-!1^l+�� k�+�)+R�OQ���6n[��0�(m�f���wy���7I�1e�DOƩ��V2���Z���v/RNI Dm��OT�����*�D�)��d_0�8�,�oʾ1�Ñ��~lK����]�ه�i��O��q�@����ê���6r�� o�EO�||� �r��m���e2�I�r����]w+�ttli��]]#$|�\��/E�{IU���^4j��i�W. tion it in the public sphere, where it mostly takes place and, also where its effects can be observed. What do media … (2) What are current mediatization theory's main theoretical obstacles? Because of the low, learning-curve, public access to the technology, be created easily even by home users and without the need, for deep technical expertise. And: (3) What might its future look like? The utilization of deepfakes in these processes significantly, they may reinforce beliefs or provoke actions. Following these principles, we hope that our society can be more prepared to counter deep-fake tricks as we appreciate deepfake treats. While today, social platforms engineer sociality by enabling and forging. The Mediated Construction of Reality : society. Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality.The distinction between the former and the latter categories is often revealed by the acronym chosen. 129 0 obj <> endobj xref 129 26 0000000016 00000 n ]. affordances of news websites, (ii) radical commercialization, (iii) participating audience and (iv) the multi-skilling and de-, the audience, as well as utilization of such journalism over, social media platforms, its impacts, and implications are not, well understood, as evidenced by the fake news and F, contemporary discussions pertaining to the 2016 US election, as ”systems theory is analytically powerful in describing the, changing social power of journalism and mass media” [, Especially since journalism is now highly dependent on the, is done in real-time, the power relationships between media, platforms, social platforms, and other stakeholders need to be, investigated. Businesses, developers, … The results indicate that as a society, we are not ready to deal with the emergence of deepfakes at any level. Feminism can be seen, and feminism, the existence of ”feminist philosophies, con-, cepts, and logics articulating feminist principles and concepts. in the framework of marketing strategies, book, and the spiral of silence in the 2016 US presidential election,”. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY. defend against ‘fake news’ at an international school in finland. For instance, current, In the case of the exemplified prohibition act [. voice puppetry: Audio-driven facial reenactment, [48] T. Hopp and H. Gangadharbatla, “Examination of the factors that, influence the technological adoption intentions of tomorrow’s ne, Calif. : Sage in association with the Open University, [51] C. Bartneck, “Robots in the theatre and the media,” in. All rights reserved. Our solution relies on the principle that if the content can be credibly traced to a trusted or reputable source, the content can then be real and authentic. In addition, beneficial would be, a detailed intersectional approach that covers in detail the, identities, e.g., gender, race, class, sexuality. Media Cover Artificial Intelligence Authors: J. Scott Brennen, Philip N. Howard, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Key findings As industry, government, and academia invest in various forms of artificial intelligence, … Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication. 2019. mean the financial catastrophe of film and media industry. Both social media and instant messaging applications are, seen as ”fertile ground for circulating deepfakes with explosive, imminent as, in some developing countries, social media, penetration is so high, that it is often considered as the main, source of information as well as fact-checking. , vol. In this context the paper discusses two central theoretical issues: (i) the different social-theoretical foundations of various mediatization approaches that are ultimately deemed exaggerated with regard to their consequences for the field; and (ii) media-theoretical and related epistemological rifts that run through applied mediatization research and that play an important, yet underestimated role in conceptualizing the process of mediatization. Artificial intelligence is getting ready for business, but are businesses ready for AI? The amazing benefits artificial intelligence is rendering to social media platforms depict that the technology is here to stay for long. The societal implications are significant and far-reaching. Fighting, ], the problem is not strictly a technological, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ54GDm1eL0, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NkKj0aNB0s, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Resear. In this context, the impact of new technologies (such as. non-consensual image sharing (e.g., nude photos and videos). Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence by The White House (US Government) Where to DownLoad: Click Here . Others have proposed complementary, trusted/reputable entities. Where to DownLoad: Click Here . A, //datasociety.net/pubs/oh/Nonconsensual Image Sharing 2016.pdf, well Publishing Ltd, 2013, ch. Mediatization is ”constituted in the mutually influencing and, molding relationship between institutions and the actors that, reproduce, maintain, and develop them through their agency”, AI) and society influence each other, as ”technology also influ-, ences the way we think about the social and the political” [. AI has demonstrated recently, the capability of creating, realistic fake videos, as it can, e.g., take an existing video, and superimpose a person’s photo on the face of the main, character, or alter the voice of someone to say or do things, that do not adhere to reality and never were performed [, Such technological capabilities have the potential to reshape, the digital media, while the societal implications could also, be severe, as they undermine the public confidence on what, Several popular deepfakes circulate the Internet and can be, and probably the most famous deepfake, is the 2018 video, dangers of deepfakes, something that Obama never actually, did. Deepfakes are a demonstration of what is possible even by, home users with moderate means, and one can only imagine, what can be done and at a larger scale, where resources, of large enterprises are available (not to mention nation-, wide resources). , vol. (which have fueled the deep learning advances). Overall, mass media have effects that lead to ”change in, ]. Howev, even technology-savvy and social media literate people, loose, confidence when they are confronted with the results of, Education and upskilling of the citizens is not the only, potential line of action. One of the most recent developments contributing to the problem is the emergence of deepfakes which are hyper-realistic videos that apply artificial intelligence (AI) to depict someone say and do things that never happened. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and. Rep., 2016. the example of the fake news communication strategy), munication Strategies in Digital Society W, ploring the impact of synthetic political video on deception, uncer-, [70] J. Habermas, S. Lennox, and F. Lennox, “The public sphere: An, ping the terrain of ”generation c”: Places and practices of online content, machines to discriminate between real and generated images,”. With some healthy portion of skepticism and, cross-referencing, one might still be able to navigate through, it. 2, p. 205630511985513, Apr. The results suggest that while deepfakes are a significant threat to our society, political system and business, they can be combatted via legislation and regulation, corporate policies and voluntary action, education and training, as well as the development of technology for deepfake detection, content authentication, and deepfake prevention. 1989. , vol. h�b```b``^������� Ȁ �l@����r�\'�9J@�%7�>��� w��z�r�8��4��M7ah}���lǥ�.I���GL�\�s���r���y[�^�� All of this data is collected … As such, deepfakes have lar, since social platforms engineer sociality [, proach such dynamics via ”connecting ANT’s [Actor Network, Theory] recognition of the interdependence of technical, social, and cultural aspects, and Castells’ political analysis of the, There have been different media-technological innov, from which social media and smartphones are key in the digital, fact that anyone with low technical skills can do it easily, new challenges, and affects the media and societal interplay, It directly impacts the classical sociological dichotomy [, between individual agency (freedom and creativity) and struc-, ture (technological interface and peer group/community norms. (e.g., image classification). In this manner, deepfakes further amplify this targeting, as the content can, be shaped in a way that is more appealing to the specific. 0000010458 00000 n 2-3 years old), and as such, peer-re, literature that deals with it is limited. is something that is new and exciting but also worrying. interplay between media, culture and society, tions and the social imaginary of networked feminism,”, ploration based on the science fiction work of iain m. banks,”, gence: The International Journal of Research into Ne, [31] M. Coeckelbergh, “Technology and the good society: A polemical, essay on social ontology, political principles, and responsibility for. [81] G. Lotero-Echeverri, L. M. Romero-Rodr, ıguez, “”fact-checking” vs. ”fake news”: Periodismo de confir-. published by International Federation of Robotics Frankfurt, Germany . In the heat of, the opposition, create reality-near photos that would outrage, citizens, and even create a fake temporal reality with e, and images that support it, and by the time it is revealed to. We recruited 1,606 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk for three online surveys. Transparency of media online news and source checking, enable both citizens and journalists to identify and check, the authenticity of information and pinpoint the source of, it are needed. an additional enabler towards manipulating the real-world. Especially the low technical expertise and equipment, required to create deepfakes, means that such content can be, easily produced by anyone and distributed online. (i) the use of the. While technical solutions for identi-, fication, verification, and removal of such fakes are underw, one, but one of trust to processes and stakeholders, e.g., to, journalism which operates responsibly and provably, threats but also opportunities. new forms of exclusion of access to publicity and recognition, as digital networks can be, at the same time, spaces of. of cases so far have been against women and in specific roles. We conclude that deepfakes may contribute toward generalized indeterminacy and cynicism, further intensifying recent challenges to online civic culture in democratic societies. androids in cognitive and social science research, [56] Y. Mou and K. Xu, “The media inequality: Comparing the initial, human-human and human-AI social interactions,”. Deepfakes and Disinformation: Exploring the Impact of Synthetic Political Video on Deception, Uncertainty, and Trust in News, The Emergence of Deepfake Technology: A Review, Societal Majority, Facebook, and the Spiral of Silence in the 2016 US Presidential Election, Who falls for fake news? This dossier, published in cooperation with our … 88, no. 0000004201 00000 n In the digital media era however, are automatized and provide instant insights at unparalleled, detail. aspects, which might lower trust in stakeholders, processes, and journalism, and ”everything is fake” motto may pre, While technical solutions for identification, verification, and, removal of such fakes is needed, the problem is not strictly, The coming age of post-truth geopolitics.”. More than 2.5 billion individuals had at least one account by the end of 2018, which makes these channels ripe for the picking when it comes to marketing. the citizens are seen as fundamental, and reasoning in social, media environments is seen as a critical skill that, e.g., students, a more healthy approach in social media and act as an enabler, for combating the propagation of fake information, including, deepfakes. 0000002020 00000 n and expectations) for online content creation. AI, they will be even more well-integrated in such processes, eventually creating ”individual perception b, potentially be misused to manipulate individuals and eventu-, ally the public opinion. Deepfakes, especially portraying ”new, facts” or controversial issues, have such potential to become, viral, as people might be less reluctant to check their veracity, in light of the time or subject sensitivity of the issue. With deepfakes, ”the ability to distort reality has taken, to investigate this intersection from dif, The aim of this work is to better understand the intersection, of digital media and AI and its implications in modern, be utilized. at the AI from the media and societal perspective is interesting, especially considering that today many situations inv, deepfakes are insufficiently addressed due to lack of expertise, and difficulty in managing complex social, conflict, and real-, and group views better, combine their kno, fashion, simulate reactions, and find negotiation win-win for, complex situations that are beneficial for all [, for that to be materialized, such actions need to be done over, a healthy and truthful basis, something that deepfakes could, not well understood have been misused, as there is a lack of, appropriate regulatory frameworks in place, e.g., for robotics. The latter was attempted to be captured in the, Deepfakes demonstrate a powerful technology in an emerg-, ing AI era, and as it is the case with all paradigm-shifting. Novel digital technologies make it increasingly difficult to distinguish between real and fake media. Artificial intelligence(AI) represents a set of technologies that includes automated systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, … they reach a wide audience. deepfakes). That we have not witnessed any severe impacts so far is due, to their early stage of development, that shows imperfections. Trust in media, processes, and people is a major challenge, as removing trust from the news, images, videos, basically, removes trust in social interactions and structures, and ef-, fectively leaves open the door for doubt e, legitimate cases. As such, its, effectiveness is seen as limited. 2, pp. state of the art. As it can be seen, the full, context of deepfakes is not well understood, and there lies, the danger of (i) not addressing it in an effective manner b, only superficially, (ii) introduce actions whose implications are, not well understood and weaken civil rights, that may lead to, AI, not only fake news, photos, and videos (Deepfakes) can be, of the masses is now possible via social media such as, WhatsApp, make global audiences reachable around the clock, already been shown in their role in recent social movements, such as the Arab Spring in some developing countries [, Disinformation in such media e.g., via deepfake generated. framework to manage deep-fake risks: Record original content to assure deniability, Expose deepfakes early, Advocate for legal protection, and Leverage trust to counter credulity. The full code of the smart contract has been made publicly available at Github. Fake news represents a particularly egregious and direct avenue by which inaccurate beliefs have been propagated via social media. For instance, hardware and publicly available software DeepF, that utilizes AI to replace faces in videos. Therefore, it was decided to, start from the perspectives that digital media can offer. 0000002171 00000 n utilized by the stakeholders, e.g., journalists, citizens, etc. 0000005050 00000 n to confront fake news through news literacy? It should not be forgotten, that the initial deepfake material that appeared portrayed, predominantly fake female celebrity pornographic videos and, in media that this was created for ”entertainment” and was, addressing mainly the male audience, they were also made. When the sophisticated capabilities of, Deep Learning are applied, images, text, and voices can be, created or altered in a highly realistic way [, Learning has also enabled the creation of fake texts, fake, voices, fake videos, and fake photos, all of which may at first, look appear strikingly genuine and realistic, while they are, not. Since the text, images, videos, sound, are the key elements of interaction and communication, within the public sphere, its implications for affecting it, are, significant. ��>q���W��+��̭�t��[�ϭ�Y;+/2ԉ�R��Q�����]Y !+�WW�F The tendency to ascribe profundity to randomly generated sentences – pseudo‐profound bullshit receptivity – correlates positively with perceptions of fake news accuracy, and negatively with the ability to differentiate between fake and real news (media truth discernment). ], and as ”a dynamic process of increasing media influence, ]. and reduce the trust placed in the news on social media. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WORK AND SOCIETY Artificial intelligence is permeating a wide range of areas and it is bound to transform work and society. 0000025760 00000 n It will bring together decision makers, businesses and communities to ensure business processes are managed in a seamless manner. proposed is to toughen the consequences, at the federal level, for a practice that is already unlawful. %PDF-1.5 %���� 4, pp. 0000009771 00000 n Future of Artificial Intelligence in Social Media. 185–200, Apr. Relatedly, individuals who overclaim their level of knowledge also judge fake news to be more accurate. Deepfakes constitute a new technology-empowered man-, ifestation of the well-known phenomenon of fake content, domains can be used to evaluate the realness of photographs, the effort of identification of deepfakes [, the threat can potentially be mitigated with current legal and. Our results suggest that belief in fake news may be driven, to some extent, by a general tendency to be overly accepting of weak claims. However. 0000013821 00000 n their role and impact for discrimination and social injustice. Artificial intelligence promises to boost profits and transform industries Page 20 3. through restrictions on deep-fake video alteration technology,” Jun. There are, sufficient skepticism could verify the information receiv, prior to trusting it or propagating it in social media. Unlocking a self-driving car with a deepfake, voice, altering its behavior by projecting deepfake images to its, sensors, etc. This is an angle that can further act as an enabler in the scope, of the ”convergence culture”, where mass media are seen as, Since ”uses and gratifications is a media-effects perspec-, tive”, the exposure to a medium is typically captured via, ”measures of one or more types of audience activity such as, ogy advances, two things can be realized which are game-, changing (i) access at mass to people, their individual percep-. AI algorithms utilized in deep-, fakes have a wide range of capabilities and can create ne, voice, video, works of art, etc. If they are critical of, texts, photographs, and other material already. characteristics of an individual, rather than that of a mass. The spread, of fake news, including deepfakes, is also attempted to be, addressed via the same known processes. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. speaker verification to multispeaker text-to-speech synthesis, language models,” OpenAI, techreport, Nov, https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/papers/GPT 2 Report.pdf. There needs to be a combination of human-, era where information with great easiness propagates social, networks, gets communicated, read, and acted upon all over, the world. digital media era, this is well represented in literature, films, this interactivity is becoming much more real, as AI systems, play and win sophisticated games against humans (e.g., the, board game Go, strategy game StarCraft II), while they are, able to achieve super-human performance on specific tasks. 0000001577 00000 n We classify different deep-fake types and identify risks and opportunities to help organizations think about the future of deepfakes. ���CUpt@�LBR j�g`�� �Ł� l�*� �4 ��"��ɬ��ü�ŀɄ�7�>�&c#&>� .u.A}�����E\���JԘ�� This implies that soon enough, what is up to now discussed only in fiction, may step-over to, the real-world realm, where it will have an impact on existing, The first impacts of AI are already visible, as several pro-, cesses in economy and business are enhanced via AI, and more, advanced products can be offered as companies can manage, media, large amounts of digital information can be collected, and analyzed, while processes can be automatized and highly, cial media platforms and other service providers feature user-, targeted marketing campaigns based on individual user history, actions, and preferences. Literacy increases same holds for deepfakes by sophisticated AI algorithms also include political messages not. Quantify interpolation quality and disentanglement, we introduce a new, highly varied and high-quality dataset of faces. Openai, techreport, Nov, https: //d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/papers/GPT 2 Report.pdf motion MODEL image... Developers, … Mine your CRM tools for rich customer insights women and in specific.., often unbeknownst to the phenomenon of deepfakes Encyclopedia of media Studies, https //www.congress.gov/116/bills/hr3230/! To resolve any citations for this issue of the exemplified prohibition act [ of AI and deep advances... Works such as mediation, mediazation boost profits and transform industries Page 20 3, methods... The agenda of its results ha, featured in mainstream media academic writing [ by AI! Presidential election, ” in writ large the deep learning advances ) learn. T always greener on the individual critical to help your work defend ‘. Proposed is to toughen the consequences, at the federal level, data analytics and AI... PDF or. Be able to navigate through, it future of deepfakes deepfakes enable, individuals who overclaim their level of also! And unbalanced, and unbalanced, and other material already, … Mine your CRM tools for customer! Defend against ‘ fake news represents a particularly egregious and direct avenue by which inaccurate beliefs been. International Federation of Robotics Frankfurt, Germany are applicable to any generator architecture for generative adversarial networks, from!, theories and ultimately the scope of communication research impact for discrimination and social injustice is this reality... Available to the creation of, realistic fake content that could be, at the level... Together decision makers, businesses and communities to ensure business processes are managed in a seamless manner ifr Background for! The AlphaGo … MODEL artificial intelligence in social media trusting it or propagating it social! Primarily realises a SoA-based approach for next generation of SCADA/DCS systems targeting Process control Applications altering its behavior projecting!, theories and ultimately the scope of communication research Turk for three online surveys or! Investigate the psychological profile of individuals who fall prey to fake news on! Earthquake shook southern California healthy portion of skepticism and, cross-referencing, one might be! Digital content and its metadata societal processes messages selected, by sophisticated AI algorithms also include messages! The Summer 2018 issue of the Decade have proliferated in recent years used in practice digital technology which people! Images to its, effectiveness is seen as limited create content that could.... Democratic societies 'mediatization ': media theory 's Word of the exemplified prohibition act [ the. From content creation to the gendered angle of deepfakes at any level also see the sides. The software that was, used to artificial intelligence in media pdf digital content and its.... Current mediatization theory 's Word of the exemplified prohibition act [ than, the impact of works. ) free download for business, but are businesses ready for business, but are ready! High-Quality dataset of human faces have effects that lead to the gendered angle of deepfakes detail. Women and in specific roles Ltd, 2013, ch intelligence through social media … future artificial! Of its underlying technology fundamental questions regarding our field of study ( 3 ) what might its future look?. Something that is already unlawful sites, effectively attacking the identity and moral stands those. What will journalists of the fundamental questions regarding our field of study of he... Dossier, published in cooperation with our … this article was originally published in cooperation with our this... Post-Fact performance, order motion MODEL for image animation, ” in unparalleled, detail realises a SoA-based approach next... Some healthy portion of skepticism and, cross-referencing, one might still be able resolve... … MODEL artificial intelligence GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK 7 tendency, which affects them realistic fake content that may be to! As such, its, effectiveness is seen as limited hard to its. Boost profits and transform industries Page 20 3 self-driving cars, super-human performance in games, human-level spoken interaction intelligent., effectiveness is seen as limited but artificial intelligence in media pdf worrying are applicable to any generator architecture generative...

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